javascript线性渐变3-控件新闻-慧都网

javascript线性渐变3

原创|其它|编辑：郝浩|2009-10-14 11:22:25.000|阅读 507 次

概述：javascript在处理图像的能力其实是不弱的，可惜浏览器大战连累了它，这还不算，Adobe 收购Macromedia更让SVG处于怠工状态。作为新力军，苹果为我们带来了canvas标签。

上一部分给出的函数已经完全地实现了跨浏览器了，但在IE的实现是极其低劣，动用了多个table以及一向为人所诟病的滤镜。IE还有一个利器至今没有被使用过，那就是VML。虽然比不上SVG，但它还是非常强大的。在实现渐变上，其fill还比IE的Gragient滤镜强悍得多了。不过VML出现得比较早，只支持很少的颜色名，如red,blue,yellow，其他如orange就可以搞死它了。因此要使用VML做线性渐变，我们得对这些颜色名做一下转换。

HTML4的颜色值
black = #000000	green = #008000	silver = #c0c0c0	lime = #00ff00
gray = #808080	olive = #808000	white = #ffffff	yellow = #ffff00
maroon = #800000	navy = #000080	red = #ff0000	blue = #0000ff
purple = #800080	teal = #008080	fuchsia = #ff00ff	aqua = #00ffff

我们可以在火狐官网以及W3C了解到更多的颜色值。

var htmlcolor={ black :"#000",green :"#008000",silver :"#c0c0c0",lime :"#0f0", 
  gray :"#808080",olive :"#808000",white :"#fff",yellow :"#ff0", 
  maroon :"#800000",navy :"#000080",red :"#f00",blue :"#00f", 
  purple :"#800080",teal :"#008080",fuchsia :"#f0f",aqua :"#0ff", 
  indigo :"#4b0082",orange : "#ffa500",sienna :"#a0522d",plum :"#dda0dd", 
  gold :"#ffd700", tan :"#d2b48c", snow :"#fffafa",violet :"#ee82ee"
}

1.   
2.var htmlcolor = {aliceblue: "#f0f8ff", amethyst: "#96c", antiquewhite: "#faebd7", aqua: "#0ff", aquamarine: "#7fffd4", azure: "#f0ffff", beige: "#f5f5dc", bisque: "#ffe4c4", black: "#000", blanchedalmond: "#ffebcd", blue: "#00f", blueviolet: "#8a2be2", brown: "#a52a2a", burlywood: "#deb887", cadetblue: "#5f9ea0", chartreuse: "#7fff00", chocolate: "#d2691e", coral: "#ff7f50", cornflowerblue: "#6495ed", cornsilk: "#fff8dc", crimson: "#dc143c", cyan: "#0ff", darkblue: "#00008b", darkcyan: "#008b8b", darkgoldenrod: "#b8860b", darkgray: "#a9a9a9", darkgreen: "#006400", darkkhaki: "#bdb76b", darkmagenta: "#8b008b", darkolivegreen: "#556b2f", darkorange: "#ff8c00", darkorchid: "#9932cc", darkred: "#8b0000", darksalmon: "#e9967a", darkseagreen: "#8fbc8f", darkslateblue: "#483d8b", darkslategray: "#2f4f4f", darkturquoise: "#00ced1", darkviolet: "#9400d3", deeppink: "#ff1493", deepskyblue: "#00bfff", dimgray: "#696969", dodgerblue: "#1e90ff", firebrick: "#b22222", floralwhite: "#fffaf0", forestgreen: "#228b22", fuchsia: "#f0f", gainsboro: "#dcdcdc", ghostwhite: "#f8f8ff", gold: "#ffd700", goldenrod: "#daa520", gray: "#808080", green: "#008000", greenyellow: "#adff2f", honeydew: "#f0fff0", hotpink: "#ff69b4", indianred: "#cd5c5c", indigo: "#4b0082", ivory: "#fffff0", khaki: "#f0e68c", lavender: "#e6e6fa", lavenderblush: "#fff0f5", lawngreen: "#7cfc00", lemonchiffon: "#fffacd", lightblue: "#add8e6", lightcoral: "#f08080", lightcyan: "#e0ffff", lightgoldenrodyellow: "#fafad2", lightgreen: "#90ee90", lightgrey: "#d3d3d3", lightpink: "#ffb6c1", lightsalmon: "#ffa07a", lightsalmon: "#ffa07a", lightseagreen: "#20b2aa", lightskyblue: "#87cefa", lightslategray: "#789", lightsteelblue: "#b0c4de", lightyellow: "#ffffe0", lime: "#0f0", limegreen: "#32cd32", linen: "#faf0e6", magenta: "#f0f", maroon: "#800000", mediumaquamarine: "#66cdaa", mediumblue: "#0000cd", mediumorchid: "#ba55d3", mediumpurple: "#9370db", mediumseagreen: "#3cb371", mediumslateblue: "#7b68ee", mediumslateblue: "#7b68ee", mediumspringgreen: "#00fa9a", mediumturquoise: "#48d1cc", mediumvioletred: "#c71585", midnightblue: "#191970", mintcream: "#f5fffa", mistyrose: "#ffe4e1", moccasin: "#ffe4b5", navajowhite: "#ffdead", navy: "#000080", oldlace: "#fdf5e6", olive: "#808000", olivedrab: "#6b8e23", orange: "#ffa500", orangered: "#ff4500", orchid: "#da70d6", palegoldenrod: "#eee8aa", palegreen: "#98fb98", paleturquoise: "#afeeee", palevioletred: "#db7093", papayawhip: "#ffefd5", peachpuff: "#ffdab9", peru: "#cd853f", pink: "#ffc0cb", plum: "#dda0dd", powderblue: "#b0e0e6", purple: "#800080", red: "#f00", rosybrown: "#bc8f8f", royalblue: "#4169e1", saddlebrown: "#8b4513", salmon: "#fa8072", sandybrown: "#f4a460", seagreen: "#2e8b57", seashell: "#fff5ee", sienna: "#a0522d", silver: "#c0c0c0", skyblue: "#87ceeb", slateblue: "#6a5acd", slategray: "#708090", snow: "#fffafa", springgreen: "#00ff7f", steelblue: "#4682b4", tan: "#d2b48c", teal: "#008080", thistle: "#d8bfd8", tomato: "#ff6347", turquoise: "#40e0d0", violet: "#ee82ee", wheat: "#f5deb3", white: "#fff", whitesmoke: "#f5f5f5", yellow: "#ff0", yellowgreen: "#9acd32"}

接着我们在需要线性渐变的那个元素内部创建一个同样大小的rect元素，然后里面再添加一个fill元素，用来设置渐变。伪码如下：

   
<div class="gradient" style="position:relative;width:width;height:height"> 
  javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美 实现多重水平渐变效果 
  <vml:rect style="position:absolute;width:width;height;top:0;left:0" stroked="f" > 
    <vml:fill colors="与SVG相对应的color-stop" focus="100%" type="gradient" method="linear"/> 
  </vml:rect> 
</div>

<!doctype html> <title>javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="keywords" content="javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美" /> <meta name="description" content="javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美" /> <style type="text/css"> .gradient{ width:800px; height:100px; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var Gradient = function(id){ var entity = document.getElementById(id), options = arguments[1] || {}, width = options.width, height = options.height, type = options.type , stops = options["color-stop"]; this.init(entity,stops,width,height,type); } Gradient.prototype ={ constructor: Gradient, init: function(entity,stops,width,height,type) { this.css(entity,{position:"relative"}); var content = entity.innerHTML; entity.innerHTML = ""; !+"\v1"? this.IEgradient(entity,stops,width,height,type): this.SVGgradient(entity,stops,width,height,type) var contentDiv = document.createElement("div"); this.css(contentDiv,{position:"absolute",top:0,left:0}) contentDiv.innerHTML = content; entity.appendChild(contentDiv); }, css: function(node,bag){ var str = ";" for(var i in bag){ if(bag.hasOwnProperty(i)) str += i == "opacity" ? ("filter:alpha(opacity="+ bag[i] * 100+");"):(i+":"+bag[i]+";") } node.style.cssText = str; }, attr: function(node,bag){ for(var i in bag){ if(bag.hasOwnProperty(i)) node.setAttribute(i,bag[i]) } }, createSVG:function(tag){ return document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",tag); }, IEgradient:function(entity,stops,width,height,type){ if(!document.namespaces.vml){ document.namespaces.add('vml', 'urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml'); var vmlobj = document.createElement("<object classid=CLSID:10072CEC-8CC1-11D1-986E-00A0C955B42E id=VMLRender>"), head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; head.appendChild(vmlobj) document.createStyleSheet().addRule(".vml", "behavior: url(#VMLRender); display:inline-block;"); } var rect = document.createElement('<vml:rect class="vml">'); entity.appendChild(rect); this.css(rect,{width:width+"px",height:height+"px"}); this.attr(rect,{stroked:"f"}); var fill = document.createElement('<vml:fill class="vml">'); var colors =""; for(var i=0,l=stops.length;i<l;i++){ var offset = stops[i].split(",")[0] + "%", color = this.hex(stops[i].split(",")[1]); colors += offset +" "+color +","; } rect.appendChild(fill); var angle = type ? 90 : 0; this.attr(fill,{type:"gradient",colors:colors,method:"sigma",focus:"100%",angle:angle}); }, SVGgradient:function(entity,stops,width,height,type){ var svg = this.createSVG("svg"), id = "id" + (new Date().getTime()* Math.random()).toFixed(0); this.attr(svg,{width:width+"px",height:height+"px"}) entity.appendChild(svg); var defs = this.createSVG("defs"); svg.appendChild(defs); var linearGradient = this.createSVG("linearGradient"); defs.appendChild(linearGradient); this.attr(linearGradient,{id:id,x1:"0%",y1:"0%"}) if(type){ this.attr(linearGradient,{x2:"100%",y2:"0%"}) }else{ this.attr(linearGradient,{x2:"0%",y2:"100%"}) } for(var i=0,l=stops.length;i<l;i++){ var offset = stops[i].split(",")[0] + "%", color = this.hex(stops[i].split(",")[1]), stop = this.createSVG("stop"); this.attr(stop,{offset:offset,"stop-color":color}); linearGradient.appendChild(stop); } var rect = this.createSVG("rect"); svg.appendChild(rect); this.attr(rect,{x:"0px",y:"0px",width:width+"px",height:height+"px", fill:"url(#"+linearGradient.getAttribute("id")+")"}); }, hex:function(value){ var color={ black :"#000",green :"#008000",silver :"#c0c0c0",lime :"#0f0", gray :"#808080",olive :"#808000",white :"#fff",yellow :"#ff0", maroon :"#800000",navy :"#000080",red :"#f00",blue :"#00f", purple :"#800080",teal :"#008080",fuchsia :"#f0f",aqua :"#0ff", indigo :"#4b0082",orange :"#ffa500",sienna :"#a0522d",plum :"#dda0dd", gold :"#ffd700", tan :"#d2b48c", snow :"#fffafa",violet :"#ee82ee" } if(!!color[value]){ value = color[value] } if(/^#/.test(value)){ value = value.replace('#', ''); return "#" + (value.length == 3 ? value.replace(/^(\w)(\w)(\w)$/, '$1$1$2$2$3$3') : value); } return value; } } window.onload = function(){ new Gradient("text1",{width:800,height:100,type:1,"color-stop":["0,red","16,orange","32,yellow","48,green","64,blue","80,indigo","100,violet"]}) new Gradient("text2",{width:800,height:100,type:0,"color-stop":["0,red","16,orange","32,yellow","48,green","64,blue","80,indigo","100,violet"]}) } </script> <div id="text1" class="gradient">javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美实现多重水平渐变效果</div> <br /> <div id="text2" class="gradient">javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美实现多重垂直渐变效果</div>

利用VML实现IE的线性渐变后整个类的长度减少一半。

我们再来看如何实现角度渐变，IE那边好办，直接传入一个角就行了（0—360，也可以为负数）。SVG比较麻烦，它由linearGradient 的四个属性来控制倾斜度，x1,x2,y2,y2，实质就是两个点。假设第一个点为(0,0)，第二个点为（100,0），它就是水平渐变。假设第一个点为(0,0)，第二个点为（0,100），它就是垂直渐变。要实现倾斜就必须让第二个点的坐标与第一个点的坐标完全不相等，无论是X轴还是Y轴。这就要用到三角函数了。

var x = (Math.sin(angle*Math.PI/180) * 100).toFixed(2)+"%"; 
var y = (Math.cos(angle*Math.PI/180)* 100).toFixed(2)+"%"; 
this.attr(linearGradient,{x2:x,y2:y});

我们也应该看得出水平渐变与垂直渐变其实只是一个特例，我们大可以废除type这个属性，改成angle，传入一个0至360的数。

<!doctype html> <title>javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta name="keywords" content="javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美" /> <meta name="description" content="javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美" /> <style type="text/css"> .gradient{ width:800px; height:100px; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> var Gradient = function(id){ var entity = document.getElementById(id), options = arguments[1] || {}, width = options.width, height = options.height, angle = options.angle , stops = options["color-stop"]; this.init(entity,stops,width,height,angle); } Gradient.prototype ={ constructor: Gradient, init: function(entity,stops,width,height,angle) { this.css(entity,{position:"relative"}); var content = entity.innerHTML; entity.innerHTML = ""; !+"\v1"? this.IEgradient(entity,stops,width,height,angle): this.SVGgradient(entity,stops,width,height,angle) var contentDiv = document.createElement("div"); this.css(contentDiv,{position:"absolute",top:0,left:0}) contentDiv.innerHTML = content; entity.appendChild(contentDiv); }, css: function(node,bag){ var str = ";" for(var i in bag){ if(bag.hasOwnProperty(i)) str += i == "opacity" ? ("filter:alpha(opacity="+ bag[i] * 100+");"):(i+":"+bag[i]+";") } node.style.cssText = str; }, attr: function(node,bag){ for(var i in bag){ if(bag.hasOwnProperty(i)) node.setAttribute(i,bag[i]) } }, createSVG:function(tag){ return document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",tag); }, IEgradient:function(entity,stops,width,height,angle){ if(!document.namespaces.vml){ document.namespaces.add('vml', 'urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml'); var vmlobj = document.createElement("<object classid=CLSID:10072CEC-8CC1-11D1-986E-00A0C955B42E id=VMLRender>"), head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; head.appendChild(vmlobj) document.createStyleSheet().addRule(".vml", "behavior: url(#VMLRender); display:inline-block;"); } var rect = document.createElement('<vml:rect class="vml">'); entity.appendChild(rect); this.css(rect,{width:width+"px",height:height+"px"}); this.attr(rect,{stroked:"f"}); var fill = document.createElement('<vml:fill class="vml">'); var colors =""; for(var i=0,l=stops.length;i<l;i++){ var offset = stops[i].split(",")[0] + "%", color = this.hex(stops[i].split(",")[1]); colors += offset +" "+color +","; } rect.appendChild(fill); this.attr(fill,{type:"gradient",colors:colors,method:"sigma",focus:"100%",angle:angle}); }, SVGgradient:function(entity,stops,width,height,angle){ var svg = this.createSVG("svg"), id = "id" + (new Date().getTime()* Math.random()).toFixed(0); this.attr(svg,{width:width+"px",height:height+"px"}) entity.appendChild(svg); var defs = this.createSVG("defs"); svg.appendChild(defs); var linearGradient = this.createSVG("linearGradient"); defs.appendChild(linearGradient); this.attr(linearGradient,{id:id,x1:"0%",y1:"0%"}) var x = (Math.sin(angle*Math.PI/180) * 100).toFixed(2)+"%"; var y = (Math.cos(angle*Math.PI/180)* 100).toFixed(2)+"%"; this.attr(linearGradient,{x2:x,y2:y}); for(var i=0,l=stops.length;i<l;i++){ var offset = stops[i].split(",")[0] + "%", color = this.hex(stops[i].split(",")[1]), stop = this.createSVG("stop"); this.attr(stop,{offset:offset,"stop-color":color}); linearGradient.appendChild(stop); } var rect = this.createSVG("rect"); svg.appendChild(rect); this.attr(rect,{x:"0px",y:"0px",width:width+"px",height:height+"px", fill:"url(#"+linearGradient.getAttribute("id")+")"}); }, hex:function(value){ var color={ black :"#000",green :"#008000",silver :"#c0c0c0",lime :"#0f0", gray :"#808080",olive :"#808000",white :"#fff",yellow :"#ff0", maroon :"#800000",navy :"#000080",red :"#f00",blue :"#00f", purple :"#800080",teal :"#008080",fuchsia :"#f0f",aqua :"#0ff", indigo :"#4b0082",orange :"#ffa500",sienna :"#a0522d",plum :"#dda0dd", gold :"#ffd700", tan :"#d2b48c", snow :"#fffafa",violet :"#ee82ee" } if(!!color[value]){ value = color[value] } if(/^#/.test(value)){ value = value.replace('#', ''); return "#" + (value.length == 3 ? value.replace(/^(\w)(\w)(\w)$/, '$1$1$2$2$3$3') : value); } return value; } } window.onload = function(){ new Gradient("text1",{width:800,height:100,angle:90,"color-stop":["0,red","16,orange","32,yellow","48,green","64,blue","80,indigo","100,violet"]}) new Gradient("text2",{width:800,height:100,angle:0,"color-stop":["0,red","16,orange","32,yellow","48,green","64,blue","80,indigo","100,violet"]}) new Gradient("text3",{width:800,height:100,angle:45,"color-stop":["0,red","16,orange","32,yellow","48,green","64,blue","80,indigo","100,violet"]}) } </script> <div id="text1" class="gradient">javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美实现多重水平渐变效果</div> <br /> <div id="text2" class="gradient">javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美实现多重垂直渐变效果</div> <br /> <div id="text3" class="gradient">javascript线性渐变 by 司徒正美实现多重角度渐变效果</div>

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